Chihuahua

The Chihuahua is named after a state in northern Mexico, where the breed was discovered and popularised in the 19th century. Its exact origins are still debated, but it is often linked to the small companion dogs of pre-Columbian civilisations.

Today it is one of the most widespread companion breeds in the world, in both smooth and long coats.

Lively, curious and very attached to one or two people, the Chihuahua often ignores its small size. It can be wary of strangers and bark readily.

Consistent training, just as for a big dog, and early socialisation prevent it from becoming fearful or possessive. With young children, interactions must be supervised because it is fragile.

It often lives a long time, but its small size exposes it to certain problems: kneecap luxation, dental disease, fragile bones and, in puppies, a risk of low blood sugar. Some individuals have an incompletely closed fontanelle.

Regular veterinary check-ups, especially dental ones, are strongly advised.

It eats very small amounts, and a few extra grams quickly make a big difference to its weight. Choose food for very small dogs with small kibble.

Puppies should have several small meals a day to avoid drops in blood sugar.

Daily walks and games at home are enough to tire it out. It also enjoys short training sessions and treat-finding games.

Use a harness rather than a collar to protect its windpipe, and supervise it around larger dogs.

Walk it during the cool hours in summer and provide a small coat in winter if needed. Watch out for balconies and falls from the sofa or from someone's arms, which can injure it.

The smooth-coated Chihuahua needs weekly brushing; the long-coated variety needs brushing two to three times a week.

Brushing its teeth several times a week is one of the most important care routines for this breed.